| Associations of eating out and dietary diversity with mild cognitive impairment among in community-dwelling older adults |
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Yuto Kiuchi1,2, Hyuma Makizako3, Yuki Nakai4, Yoshiaki Taniguchi5, Shoma Akaida1,3, Mana Tateishi3, Mika Kimura6, Toshihiro Takenaka7, Takuro Kubozono8, Kota Tsutsumimoto2, Hiroyuki Shimada2, Mitsuru Ohishi8 |
1Graduate School of Health Sciences Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
2Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
3Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
4Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Daiichi Institute of Technology, Kagoshima, Japan
5Department of Rehabilitation Faculty of Nursing and Welfare, Kyushu University of Nursing and Social Welfare, Kumamoto, Japan
6Center for Health Promotion, International Life Sciences Institute, Tokyo, Japan
7Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center Tarumizu Chuo Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
8Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of. Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan |
Correspondence:
Hyuma Makizako,
Email: makizako@health.nop.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
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Received: 27 December 2023 • Revised: 7 March 2024 • Accepted: 5 April 2024 |
| Abstract |
Background
Dementia is a critical later life health issue that occurs among members of aging societies. This study examined the relationships between eating out, dietary diversity, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among community-dwelling older adults.
Methods
We analyzed data from 597 older adults (median age 73.0 years [interquartile range 69.0–78.0] and 62.6% females). We applied the Food Frequency Score (FFS) to evaluate diet variety and the weekly consumption frequencies of ten food items were determined. The Functional Assessment Tool from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology was used to evaluate MCI. Finally, we asked the participants how often they ate out each month; those who replied ‘none’ were categorized into the “non-eating out” group.
Results
The overall prevalence of MCI was 122 (20.4%), with a higher prevalence in the low dietary diversity group than in the high dietary diversity group (28.6% vs. 18.6%). After adjusting for covariates, the participants who self-described as not eating out were independently associated with low dietary diversity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–3.20), while low dietary diversity was associated with MCI (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.02–2.87). Structural equation models revealed that not eating out had no direct effect on MCI but was associated with MCI via low dietary diversity (root mean square error of approximation = 0.030, goodness-of-fit index=0.999, and adjusted goodness-of-fit index = 0.984).
Conclusions
Although non-eating out may not have a direct effect on MCI, an indirect relationship may exist between eating-out habits and MCI via dietary diversity status. |
| Key Words:
dementia, aging, eating behavior, cognitive function |
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