| Reliability and validity of a self-administrated online assessment of intrinsic capacity: a Singapore cohort study |
Choo Wai Munn Robin1 
, Lau Lay Khoon1, Cheong Li Ling Grace2, Tan Chong Sheng Micah2, Tov William2, Straughan Paulin2, Ding Yew Yoong1,3,4,5, Lim Wee Shiong1,3,4,5 |
1Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore
2Centre for Research on Successful Ageing, Singapore Management University, Singapore
3Department of Geriatric Medicine & Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
4Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
5Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore |
Correspondence:
Choo Wai Munn Robin,
Email: choo.robin.wm@geri.com.sg
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Received: 27 February 2025 • Revised: 18 July 2025 • Accepted: 1 September 2025 |
| Abstract |
Objective: To ascertain the construct validity and reliability of a self-administered web-based assessment of intrinsic capacity (IC).
Design: Cross-sectional data analysis of a prospective cohort study.
Settings and Participants: We included data from 6,434 respondents (age, mean (SD): 65.33 (5.81) years; 52.4% women) of the Singapore Life Panel population study who participated in the online surveys in March 2022 and May 2022.
Methods
Incremental nested factor structures of IC were modelled with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and their goodness-of-fit were assessed mainly with root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). With the most parsimonious model as our eventual factor structure, we further evaluated IC and its domains with reliability indices.
Results
CFA demonstrated construct validity for the second-order factor structure with acceptable overall model fit (χ2(147)=7,696.276, p<0.001; CLI=0.947; TLI=0.938; RMSEA=0.089; SRMR=0.051). Amongst the domains, vitality had highest factor loading (0.889) whereas locomotion and cognition (0.534 and 0.601 respectively) had lowest loadings with the second-order IC factor. All five IC domains and the general IC factor fulfilled reliability thresholds (construct validity, CR or hierarchical omega≥0.7; average variance extracted≥0.5); psychological and locomotion domains have high CR (>0.9) whereas vitality and sensory domains have lower values of CR.
Conclusions
and Implications: Our study provides proof-of-concept evidence regarding the construct validity and reliability of a self-administered web-based assessment of IC index that can potentially be scalable in other population settings. |
| Key Words:
Aged, healthy ageing, factor analysis, reproducibility of results, self report, health surveys |
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