1. Esmat Saatlou M, Hossaini F, Sakeni Z. Assessment of elder abuse in adult day care centers. J Geriatr Nurs 2015;2:91–103.
2. World Health Organization. World report on ageing and health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2015.
3. Glicken MD. Social work in the 21st century: an introduction to social welfare, social issues, and the profession. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc; 2011.
4. Bagheri Nesami M. Exploration the process of confronting with elder [dissertation]. Tehran, Iran: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences; 2010.
5. Statistical Center of Iran [Internet]. Tehran, Iran: Statistical Center of Iran; c2022 [cited 2022 Aug 24]. Available from:
https://www.amar.org.ir/.
6. Farzanegan S, Vatan RF, Mobasheri M, Seraj R, Mansourian Y. Explanation people and their family care explanation of them. Salmand Iran J Aging 2012;6:52–57.
7. Beaulaurier RL, Seff LR, Newman FL. Barriers to help-seeking for older women who experience intimate partner violence: a descriptive model. J Women Aging 2008;20:231–48.
8. Karimi M, Elahi N. Elderly abuse in Ahwaz city and its relationship with individual and social characteristics. Salmand Iran J Aging 2008;3:42–7.
9. Yunus RM, Hairi NN, Choo WY. Consequences of elder abuse and neglect: a systematic review of observational studies. Trauma Violence Abuse 2019;20:197–213.
10. Liu PJ, Conrad KJ, Beach SR, Iris M, Schiamberg LB. The importance of investigating abuser characteristics in elder emotional/psychological abuse: results from adult protective services data. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2019;74:897–907.
11. Heravi-Karimooi M, Reje N, Froughan M, Montazeri A. Elderly abuse rates within family among members of senior social club in Tehran. Salmand Iran J Aging 2012;6:37–50.
12. Chokkanathan S, Natarajan A, Mohanty J. Elder abuse and barriers to help seeking in Chennai, India: a qualitative study. J Elder Abuse Negl 2014;26:60–79.
13. Yon Y, Mikton CR, Gassoumis ZD, Wilber KH. Elder abuse prevalence in community settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2017;5:e147–e156.
14. Sahin S, Mandiracioglu A, Tekin N, Senuzun F, Akcicek F. Attitudes toward the elderly among the health care providers: reliability and validity of Turkish version of the UCLA Geriatrics Attitudes (UCLA-GA) scale. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012;55:205–9.
15. Erlingsson CL, Saveman BI, Berg AC. Perceptions of elder abuse in Sweden: voices of older persons. Brief Treat Crisis Interv 2005;5:213–27.
16. Beaulaurier RL, Seff LR, Newman FL, Dunlop B. External barriers to help seeking for older women who experience intimate partner violence. J Fam Viol 2007;22:747–55.
17. Heravi-Karimooi M, Anoosheh M, Foroughan M, Sheykhi M, Hajizadeh E, Seyed-Bagher-Maddah M, et al. Elder abuse from the perspectives of elderly people. Adv Nurs Midwifery 2008;17:26–38.
18. Dong X, Chang ES, Wong E, Simon MA. Perceived barriers and facilitators to implement elder abuse intervention for victims and perpetrators: views from US Chinese older adults. J Adult Prot 2014;16:307–21.
19. Prosman GJ, Lo Fo Wong SH, Lagro-Janssen AL. Why abused women do not seek professional help: a qualitative study. Scand J Caring Sci 2014;28:3–11.
21. Mohseni M, Rashedi V, Iranpour A, Naghibzadeh Tahami A, Borhaninejad V. Prevalence of elder abuse and associated factors among community-dwelling older adults in Iran. J Elder Abuse Negl 2019;31:363–72.
22. Khalili Z, Taghadosi M, Heravi-Karimooi M, Sadrollahi A, Gilasi H. Assessment of the associations of depression with elder abuse among the elderly in Kashan city, Iran. Salmand Iran J Aging 2016;10:8–17.
23. Yon Y, Ramiro-Gonzalez M, Mikton CR, Huber M, Sethi D. The prevalence of elder abuse in institutional settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health 2019;29:58–67.
24. Filipska K, Biercewicz M, Wisniewski A, Kedziora-Kornatowska K, Slusarz R. Prevalence and associated factors of elder psychological abuse- a cross-sectional screening study, based on a hospitalized community from Poland. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020;90:104152.
25. Koosheshi M, Valadvand L. A study on the psychological abuse against the elderly case of elderly visiting Omid Cultural Center, city of Tehran. J Popul Assoc Iran 2015;9:146–80.
26. Wang Z, Zhu R, Lai X, Chen W, Zhuang J. The incidence of elder abuse under East Asian cultural background: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022;37.
27. Kong J, Jeon H. Functional decline and emotional elder abuse: a population-based study of older Korean adults. J Fam Violence 2018;33:17–26.
28. Liu Y, Hu F. Elder abuse in life stories: a qualitative study on rural Chinese older people. J Elder Abuse Negl 2021;33:206–20.
30. Tsukada N, Katsumata A, Shibao Y. Current status of elder abuse in Japan. Innov Aging 2018;2(Suppl 1):410–1.
31. Bhagat V, Htwe K. A literature review of findings in physical and emotional abuse in elderly. Res J Pharm Technol 2018;11:4731–8.
34. Kissal A, Beser A. Elder abuse and neglect in a population offering care by a primary health care center in Izmir, Turkey. Soc Work Health Care 2011;50:158–75.
35. Lloyd-Sherlock P, Penhale B, Ayiga N. Financial abuse of older people in low and middle-income countries: the case of South Africa. J Elder Abuse Negl 2018;30:236–46.